Abstract: To explore the feasibility of applying photovoltaic cells in large operational vehicles and their impact on the energy management of power systems, this article has completed the parameter matching design of the core power components for a certain fuel cell bus, and built the corresponding control strategy simulation model based on the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The energy management method of power following was adopted. The simulation results show that the introduction of photovoltaic cells can not only meet the power demand of the vehicle, but also effectively reduce the energy consumption of other power sources, thereby verifying the feasibility of photovoltaic energy vehicles. Immediately after, the fuzzy control strategy was adopted to carry out the optimization design of the energy distribution mechanism of the power system. The results showed that the output power curve of the fuel cell was more stable and remained in the high-efficiency output range for most of the time. Ultimately, the practical application effect of the proposed strategy was verified through hardware-in-the-loop （HIL） simulation, filling the gap of limited research on energy management strategies for photovoltaic energy vehicles. It also provided systematic theoretical support and operational practical guidance for subsequent theoretical deepening and practical implementation.