Abstract: This study analyzes the temperature field distribution characteristics of a certain type of heat treatment furnace during the heating process through numerical simulation methods. A simplified model was established with a seven/five layer hollow partition structure, considering the layout of electric heating elements and the effect of axial flow circulating fans, revealing the mechanism of temperature gradient formation inside the furnace. The results showed that there was a significant temperature stratification phenomenon in the initial heating stage of the seven layer partition, with a vertical distribution of high in the top and low in the bottom （temperature difference of 55℃）, and a horizontal distribution of high outside and low inside. Continuous heating for a period of time gradually alleviates the temperature stratification phenomenon. Comparison shows that the temperature uniformity of the five layer hollow partition structure is 23% higher than that of the seven layer partition. Optimizing the fan layout can effectively improve the airflow organization. The research results provide a theoretical basis for optimizing heat treatment processes.