Abstract: As a key component of mechanical transmission, the performance of shaft system structures directly affects the overall operation quality of machinery. Addressing the difficulty of comprehensively validating structural schemes using traditional design methods, this paper proposes a research methodology for truss structures based on innovative experiments. By analyzing the mechanical characteristics and failure modes of shaft systems, design criteria and simulation analysis procedures are established, parametric models are constructed, and simulation assessments of strength, stiffness, and vibration characteristics are conducted. On this basis, innovative experimental schemes are designed and testing systems are built to verify the design rationality through data acquisition and analysis. This research provides experimental evidence for shaft system structure design and promotes the transformation of mechanical design from theoretical derivation to experimental verification.