Abstract: 3D printing technology, through its innovative manufacturing paradigm of three-dimensional digital modeling, discrete layering of models, and precise layer-by-layer material deposition, which has realized the in-depth integration of multiple disciplines and injected new driving force into the breakthrough progress of materials science. Its application scope now spans metallic, polymeric, and ceramic materials, forming a multi-category, cross-domain application framework. This article reviews the classification and core principles of 3D printing technologies, systematically sorts out the types of application materials and their compatibility with 3D printing technologies, and specifically comments on the limitations and development trends of different 3D printing technology categories in the field of materials, aiming to provide reference and guidance for the practical application and future development of 3D printing technology in the field of materials.