Abstract: 3D printing technology, through its innovative manufacturing paradigm of three-dimensional digital modeling, discrete layering of models, and precise layer-by-layer material deposition, has achieved deep integration of multidisciplinary technologies and injected new productive forces into breakthrough developments in materials science. Its application scope now spans metallic, polymeric, and ceramic materials, forming a multi-category, cross-domain application framework. This article reviews the classification and core principles of 3D printing technologies, systematically sorts out the types of application materials and their compatibility with 3D printing technologies, and specifically comments on the limitations and development trends of different 3D printing technology categories in the field of materials, aiming to provide reference and guidance for the practical application and future development of 3D printing technology in the field of materials.