Abstract: To meet the needs of studying the dynamic characteristics of the shaft system and optimizing performance, a test platform capable of simulating the operating conditions of an aircraft engine shaft system has been developed. The overall scheme of the test bench adopts a modular design. The spindle drive system realizes stepless speed regulation from 0 to 30000 rpm through a motor combined with a speed increaser. The hydraulic loading system applies dynamic loads of 50 kN in radial direction and 20 kN in axial direction by using a booster cylinder, satisfying the demand for complex working condition simulation. The results show that the 355 kW three-phase asynchronous motor matched with the speed increaser delivers an output torque of 108 N·m, which meets the spindle load requirements. Strength verification indicates that the maximum bending stress is only 0.03 MPa, far lower than the allowable stress of 330 MPa for the material. The designed shaft system test bench can effectively simulate the operating states of the shaft system under take-off acceleration, high-altitude cruise and other working conditions, providing a reliable test platform for the research on dynamic characteristics and performance optimization of shaft systems.