Abstract: In this paper, the design scheme of pipe body clamping and centering structure in petroleum industry is mainly analyzed and tested. On the basis of the present situation, advantages and disadvantages of the centering and clamping forms of tube body processing, and the classic cases of similar machine tools at home and abroad, the decisive technology of centering clamping structure of oil pipe and the rationality and key technical problems of clamping parts structure are studied in order to achieve the balance between the optimum structural performance and the technological capability; and the oil supply structure of hydraulic chuck is innovatively designed. Then, the kinematics simulation to this structure is carried out, which further verifies the feasibility and reliability of the pipe body localization and the clamping. It has the vital significance to eliminate the phenomenon of "black leather buckle" in the pipe thread processing.