Progress in Laser-Ultrasonic Hybrid-Assisted Cutting of Difficult-to-Machine Materials

With the increasing demand for difficult-to-machine materials such as ceramics, titanium alloys, and composites in aerospace, new energy, medical, and other high-end manufacturing fields, traditional machining methods face challenges such as high cutting forces, rapid tool wear, and poor surface quality. Ultrasonic vibration cutting technology （UVCT） and laser-assisted machining （LAM）, as advanced machining technologies, effectively improve machining performance through high-frequency intermittent cutting and local thermal softening mechanisms, respectively. In recent years, laser-ultrasonic hybrid assisted machining （LUVAM） combines the advantages of both, forming a synergistic mechanism of "thermal softening + mechanical separation," which further reduces cutting forces and temperatures, decreases tool wear, and enhances surface integrity and machining accuracy. This paper systematically reviews the fundamental principles, multi-physical field coupling mechanisms, and research progress of laser-ultrasonic hybrid assisted machining in terms of machining stress, cutting forces, tool life, and surface quality. It summarizes the synergistic effects and comprehensive advantages of this technology and prospects its future development directions in theoretical modeling, process optimization, and equipment development.